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Grigore HERMAN
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Year XII, 2002:
SCURT ISTORIC AL CERCETARILOR METEOROLOGICE IN ROMANIA, CU PRIVIRE SPECIALA ASUPRA MUNTILOR APUSENI
Ovidiu GACEU, Mihai VLAICU, Luminita PALE, Claudiu FILIMON
Abstract: Short History of the Meteorological Researches of Romania with Special Focus on the Apuseni Mountains. This paper’s purpose is to present shortly the most important moments from Romania meteorology’s evolution with special focus on the Apuseni Mountains. In thouse over 100 years of existence ,Romanian’s meteorological service underwent four stages (1884-1918, 1919-1945,1990-present),each stage having an evolving network’s development and implicitly for the weather forecast’s process. As regards the Apuseni Mountains there were 15 papers in wich the aero synaptic conditions are anlysed wich yield abundent precipitation, the relief’s role in the distribution of precipitation and storms, the Mediterranean cyclones and their impact on the weather, the synoptic study of the fohn. Due to the fact that the space attributed to this paper is limited, the papers carrid out across time were very brefly presented, but to make up for this shotcome, at least at an informational level, the respectiv papers were introduced in the bibliography list.
THE LAKES OF THE HIGH EMILIA-ROMAGNA APENNINES (NORTHERN ITALY) A PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THEIR GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
Doriano CASTALDINI, Paola CORATZA, Mirko IOTTI
Abstract:The Lakes Of the High Emilia-Romagna Apennines (Northern Italy): A Preliminary Review Of Their Geomorphological Characteristics. This paper briefly describes preliminary the main geomorphological characteristics of the lakes features of the landscape indicated by this name in bibliographic references, whereas the term”high”refers to the Apennine sector above the altitude of 1000 m a.s .l. The illustrated data are taken from an inventory of the lakes wich was prepared through a detailed bibliographic research on single lakes, the compilation of lake data sheets and elaboration of a Map of the Lakes. For each lake data sheets contain the name, geographic location,dimensions, presence of conservation, bibliography and explanatory notes if present. In the Map of the Lakes the various lakes were numbered and represented according to their origin. In total ,118 lakes were inventoried and analysed on the basis of their main characteristics. From this analysis,it comes out the most lakes (19% circa )are located west of the R.Reno basin. As for altitude,the highest percentage of lakes (20% circa)is located in the altimetric belt ranging from 1300 to 1400 m.Most of the lakes have an area lower than 1 h. As for their origin (wich in 12% of the cases is not indicated in bibliography),the most common genesis (about 65%)is due to glacial processe and ,secondarily,landslide processe (about17%). In particular, glacial lakes are exclusively found west of the R.Reno catchement basin.This is related to the fact that during the last glacial period the glaciers of the northern Apennines were located exclusively west of the R.Reno basin. By considering the state of conservation ,it results that 102 lakes (86.5%)are existent(with 75 permanent and 27 temporary)wheres 16 are extinct(13.5%). The data relative to active lakes (location within their catchement basins,distribution according to altitude,area and origin)are consistent with all general data. Nevertheless,the detailed analysis of extinct lakes emphasises that their disappearance affected mainly the basin of the R.Secchia, those ranging between 1000 and 1400m a.s.l. ,those with a surface less than 1 hectere and glacial lakes.
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UMEZEALA RELATIVA A AERULUI IN JUDETUL BIHOR
Gheorghe MAHARA, Ribana LINC, Ovidiu GACEU
Abstract: The Relativ Humudity of the Air in Bihor County. This paper presents the humidity of the air ,on the basic of the observational data sheet from the stations of Oradea, Stei, Stana de Vale and Vladeasa during 1961-1980. The study is accompanied by graphical maps wich illustrate the relative humidity’s distribution on the county’s territory. From the analysis carried out it results that the average annual values decrease with the altitudes, as well as from the could to the warm season. The frequency of the annual number of days having a relative humidity over 80%at 1 p.m. varies between 200-250 days in the mountainous area and 80 days in the field area. The annual number of days with a relative humidity below 30% at one of the observational terms ranges from 10 days in the plain area to over 20-25 days in the mountainous area.
CULOARUL TIMIS-CERNA. VEGETATIA – PRODUS AL GEOSISTEMULUI
Ribana LINC
Abstract: The Timis - Cerna Corridor. Vegetation a Product of the Geosystem. The vegetal groupings of the Timis- Cerna Corridor or represents, at all spatial levels, accurate syntheses of the ecological factors(climatic, hydric and edaphic factors, distinguished by the relief ’s particularities) and at the same time it marks the changes made by the anthropic factor. The long agro-pasturable and timmber use restrains the area of the original, spontaneous vegetation on more limited surfaces. The natural vegetation of Timis-Cerna Corridor grows at present in areas that are not proper to agriculture, that is on the strongly-leaning slopes of the Timis-Cerna Corridor. Forthe study of the vegetal cover of the Timis-Cerna Corridor we use the observations in the field and the data of the forest and pasture planning viewed as a resort(as a physically and geographically conditioned systematic fundamental unit)and production unit(P.U.). The position of the Timis-Cerna Corridor in the mountainous area condition the area’s vegetation to grow at altitudes, developing here the nemoral level with the sub-level of beech forest, common oak and Hungarian oaks. As a result of deforestation, the constituent forests were partially replaced by secondary pastures. Studying the vegetation as a sub-system of the Timis-Cerna geographical system, by its functionality, that is as a product of the geo-system we consider the forest as a stable eco0system in wich changes are more subtle and less visible and the pastures are considered as an ever-changing instable eco-system.
PAJISTILE DIN COLINELE COVURLUIULUI
Sorin GEACU
Abstract: The Covurluiului Hill`s Meadows. In this geographical unit, the meadows are used mainly for grazing (14,9%). There are hayfields covering small areas (0,1%). Most of the vegetation is xerophyte seldom mesophile. Meadow associations are: Stipetum capillatae (Krist 1973) Hueck 1931), Botriochloetum ischaemi (Savulescu 1927), Festucetum valesiacale (Burduja et all. 1956), Artemisio (austriacae) – Poetum bulbosae (Pop 1970), Cynodontetum dactyloni (Rapaics 1927). The areas covering the largest hayfields belong to the Grivita commune (2432 ha) and Balabanesti commune (2290 ha), located in the northern part of the region, the small surfaces belong to the communes Certesti, Smulti and Corni, the majority of wich covers only 600-1000 ha of pastureland. Small patches can be encountered only in the Pruth, Barlad and Chinejii floodplains. Meadows are low productive(up to 800-1000 kg hay/ha (an?), their nutritive fodder value being quite poor.
THE AFGHAN-IRANIAN DISPUTE OVER THE HELMAND RIVER WATER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH EASTERN PART OF IRAN
Hassan AFRAKHTEH
Abstract: The Afghan-Iranian Dispute Over the Helmand River Water and Its Impact on the Regional Development of the South Eastern part of Iran. The Helmand River, wich rises and flows trough Afghanistan, eventually empties into large lakes and lagoons that straddle the Iranian border. Its water has been a major source of tension for more than a century in Afghan-Iranian relations. The Helmand river water will be vital for the development of the water and soils resource of both study shows that the factors responsible for the above mentioned dispute are: Unreasonable division of Sistan as a geographical region by superimposed border, the natural characteristic of Helmand river as a river in semi-arid region and the increasing demand of water by the people of the area on both sides of common border. So the friendly relation between the two neighbors depended on the solving of Helmand water problem first and it could not be solved unless there were concessions.
STRUCTURILE URBANE DE TIP SOCIALIST – O INDIVIDUALITATE GEOGRAFICA?
Radu SAGEATA
Abstract: Socialist-type urban structures-a geographical individuality? The industrial development policy with emphasis on the heavy industry, of steel and machine building branches in the main, was a characteristic feature of the socialist-type political system of Eastern Europe. Its notable consequence for the settlement system was translated into forcible urbanization, but only insofar as quantity was concerned (artificial multiplication of towns and of the town’s population). As industrial units set up, some villages, functioning as dormitory settlement, would be turned into towns; other would be integrated into the urban administrative territory; on the other hand, some dominantly rural residential districts would be attached to the town and a new type of settlements, connected with the construction of big industrial estates, would be build on a flat terrain. As a result, a new type of town -integrated settlements would emerge, but the quality of their urban-type infrastructure falls far bellow that of traditional urban centers. Their individual character is marked by a fluctuating evolution, in the majority of cases much closer to the countryside, that is, a decrease of population and growing vulnerability connected with the industrial units they had been engendered by. In view of the above, we would say that these settlements, now part of the town, represent a distinct, intermediary category between the urban and the rural system and should be designated as such.
IMPACTUL CONFESIUNILOR ASUPRA ORASELOR MARI DIN CÂMPIA DE VEST. STUDIU DE CAZ: MUNICIPIUL ORADEA
Sorina VOICULESCU
Abstract :The impact of the majour religious beliefs on the cities in the western plain of Romania. Case study: the city of Oradea. Created in different political and cultural context the cities in The Western Plain of Romania represent a classical example of ethnical religious competition for the creation of the inner city. The city of Oradea is a classical example that is going to be analyzed in this paper.
DEZVOLTAREA SOCIO-ECONOMICA LOCALĂ ŞI REGIONALĂ – ELEMENT IMPORTANT ÎN DEZVOLTAREA ROMÂNIEI
ANTON – FLORIN BOŢA
Abstract: The Local and Regional Socio-Economic Development-An Imporant Element for Romanian*s Development. The local and regional socio-economic development in Romania represents a process that should constantly evolve, due to this reason that difficulties ascertained till now wich slow down its evolution should be eliminated. It is also important that each local community elaborate its own program of modernization and development in order to benefit from the advantage of the articulation of the local economy with the national and international economic system.
CARACTERISTICI ESENŢIALE ALE SEMNELOR CONVENŢIONALE SI PICTOGRAMELOR UTILIZATE PE HĂRŢILE TURISTICE
Marin ILIEŞ
Abstract: Essential Characteristics of the Conventional Signs Used for Tourist Maps. The rapid development of international level imposes the production of really new and advanced cartographic materials. Digital cartography forced the changement of the view, techniques used and methods of featuring touristical maps. The paper represents a help for those involved in the tourism phenomenon.
IMPLICAŢIILE TURISMULUI RURAL ASUPRA DEZVOLTĂRII DURABILE DIN SPAŢIUL ROMÂNESC AL EUROREGIUNII HAJDU-BIHAR-BIHOR
Rodica PETREA
Résumé: Les implications du tourisme rural sur le développement durable dans l’espace roumain de l’Euroregion Hajdu-Bihar-Bihor. Les deux département qui forment l’éuroregion Hajdu-Bihar – Bihor se confrontent avec des problèmes similaires. Leur approche commune (des projets communs avec des financements extérieurs) leur ouvrent des perspectives signifiantes pour le développement durable. Le tourisme rural peut devenir, dans cet espaces une, véritable activité économique. L’espaces rural de Bihor dispose d*un potentiel touristique remarquable, mais moins valorisable. Après l’année 1990, les conditions pour relancer l’activité du tourisme rural sont créées par la fondation de la filiale d’ANTREC de Bihor. Le stade incipient du développement du tourisme rural en Bihor est illustre par les maisons traditionnelles nombreuses touristiques peu: la zone de l’est du bassin hydrographique de Crişul Repede et la zone du sud bassin hydrographique de Crişul Repede. L’éducation et l’information des paysans s’imposent, parce que les perspectives de développement du tourisme rural sont certes.
L`ITALIANISME DANS L`ARHITECTURE ORADEENNE AU DEBUT DU XXEME SIECLE
Nicolas MEYNEN
Abstract: Italianism in Oradeaîs Arhitecture at the Beginning of the 20 Century. A striking feature in this region of Transylvania where the architectural constructions of Oradea during the first half of the 20th century, the latter stemming in the medieval Italian architecture. It isn’t a novelty the fact that until 18th century The Place of Mogosoaia, near Bucharest was built in the same vein. We do not intend to make here a fine architectural analysis that would spot light the direct references, with the tower of Palazzo Vecchio of Florence, with the tower del Mangia of Sienna, with the Dodge’s Palace or the so-called <<La Ca Doro>> of Venice but also with the stylistic relectures in the low elevations, the elevated roof panels, the coloured and plastering (cement rendering) facades. More particularly, we attempt to understand the Italian manifestation and explain why these can be encountered here in Oradea, yet not too far from Arad and Timisoara.
COMPLEMENTARITY AND SEASONALITY OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM IN MARAMURES LAND
Gabriela ILIES
Rezumat: Complementaritatea şi sezonalitatea turismului internaţional în Ţara Maramureşului. Principalele caracteristici ale modelului turistic din Ţara Maramureşului pot fi ilustrate prin analiza unor puncte selective şi indicatori de sezonalitate. Aceştia se bazează pe: locaţia din cadrul axelor turistice, tipul de turism din regiune, serviciile necesare şi oferite, bazele de date ale fluxurilor turistice. Există de asemenea câteva puncte de sezonalitate intensivă. Echilibrul dintre acestea le include în modelul turismului internaţional din Ţara Maramureşului.
PETRURGIA – ŞTIINŢĂ ŞI INDUSTRIE A ÎNLOCUIRII METALELOR
Daniela OGREAN
Abstarct: The Petrurgy -Science and Industry of Metal Substitution. The paper aims to present a brief history of the “petrurgia”. This is a new science and an industry of the cast basalt products. The cast(melted) basalt is a highly effective, ecological, construction material with certain technical properties. The cast basalt products do not age and their properties remain unchanged in time. Thus, the petrurgia is a real industry of metal substitution. Shortly, the paper enumerates the fields of application of the cast basalt products, and the main companies of the world.