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Year X, 2000:
THE FACTORIAL ANALYSIS AND THE QUANTITATIVE CLASSIFICATION IN GEOGRAPHY
Elena VASII, Ionel HAIDU
Rezumat: Analiza factorială si clasificarea cantitativă în Geografie. Prin recunoaşterea formelor se urmăreşte structura observaţiilor intr-o ierarhie de categorii semnificative. Aceasta reprezintă un proces în care haosul datelor este structurat si ordonat. In ştiinţele naturii forma ideala de R.F. este reprezentata de transformarea datelor si observaţiilor experimentale în legi ale fenomenelor observate.
DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELLING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS - REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES
Stelian NISTOR
Abstract: Digital Terrain Modelling for environmental applications - review of techniques. This paper provides a summary of technical aspects related to the application of digital terrain modeling in environment analysis. The paper also focuses on a survey of digital terrain modeling techniques which are of relevance to applications in the area of environmental sciences. In a system-orientated view of the tasks and functions it has to fulfill, digital terrain modeling is viewed as a subsystem of GIS.
RELIEFUL CA SUPORT FIZIC AL INDIVIDUALIZARII TARII MARAMURESULUI
Gabriela ILIES, Marin ILIES
Abstract: The landscape as physical support of the Maramures Land individualisation. Maramures Land is by excellence an “espace-vecu” type region. The relationship between its geology-tectonics and morphology is impossible to be defined without an association to the symbols of the places or its characteristics, from this point of view. Therefore, Maramures Land is formed on a base composed by socio-spatial components: axes (rivers, valleys), relations between axes (orographical nodes, confluences), guiding marks and volumes. The relief as support for this kind of region could be decomposed in three distinctive units, called “valleys” (after local toponimes) which interfere in a “transition zone”: Iza Valley, Viseu Valley and Tisa Valley.
ETAJAREA FIZICO-GEOGRAFICA IN CARPATI: CONCEPT SI METODA DE ANALIZA SI CERCETARE.
Mircea VOICULESCU
Résumé. L‘étagement physico-géogrophique dans les Carpates: concept et méthode d’analyse et recherche. Nous avons fait une introspection bibliographique sur les plus principales préoccupations concernant le concept de l’étagement dans les Carpates. C’est pourqoui, nous avons identifié tant pour l’école de géographie polonaise que pour l’école de geographie roumaine quelques critères méthodologiques: morphogénétique, morphoclimatique, climatique et bioclimatique, géoécologique et écologique, des processus physico-géographiques.
PARTICULARITATI TERMICE IN CULOARUL TIMIS-CERNA
Ribana LINC, Ovidiu GACEU
Abstract: Thermic Features in the Timis-Cerna Passage. This paper analyses the thermic distinctive features of Timis-Cerna Passage, respectively positive and negative thermic singularities, thermic inversions and frequency of days with different characteristic temperatures which represents discontinuities in the normal thermic course. For this purpose the data over the period 1976 - 1996 of Caransebes, Baile Herculane and Drobeta Turnu Severin meteorological stations were analysed and the causes generating them were pointed out.
ASPECTE PRIVIND REGIMUL TEMPERATURII AERULUI IN CAMPIA TRANSILVANIEI
Eugenia SERBAN
Resumé: Des aspects concernant le régime de la température de l’air dans la Plaine de Transylvanie. Le régime de la température de l’air a été analysé pour sept stations météorologiques pendant la période 1980-1995. On a observé l’existence d’une tendence générale d’augmentation des moyennes annuelles de la temperature de l’air dès 1986, dépassant la moyenne multiannuelle. On a aussi analysé les déviations des moyennes mensuelles et annuelles de la température de l‘air par rapport à la moyenne multiannuelle aprés la méthode proposée par Hellmann. Les années “normales” ont la plus grande fréquence, mais il y a une fréquence élevée des déviations moyennes annuelles et mensuelles positives en comparaison avec les déviations negatives, notamment pour la partie de sud-ouest et centrale de la Plaine de Transylvanie. II est posible que les déviations moyennes annuelles soient produit dans n’importe quel mois de l’année.
CONSIDERATII ASUPRA VIITURILOR DIN PERIOADA 22.02 -13.03.1999 DIN BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC CRISUL ALB
Mihai VLAICU, Ovidiu GACEU
Résumé: Approches conernant les crues du bassin hydrographique de Crisul Alb (dans la période de 22 février - 13 mars 1999). Crisul Alb c’est une riviére de 238 kilometres de longueur; elle a un bassin hydrographique de 4240 km² et est soumise fréquemment au processus d’inondations dues, en grande partie, aux conditions naturelles (la situation géographique, le relief, le climat) et à celle anthropique. A la fois, l’étude de ces conditions apporte des solutions possibles afin d’éliminer les conséquences provoquées par le processus d’inondation.
OBSERVATII PRIVIND CAPACITATEA DE STOCAJ A APEI PENTRU O FORMATIUNE DE GRAMINEE DIN MUNTII CALIMAN
Iulian DINCA
Abstract: Analysis on the water stoking capacity for a graminaceae formation in Caliman Mountains. The ground examination of a graminaceae lawn formation in the volcanic mountains of Caliman has revealed high values of the water- retention capacity. The experiment took place in August, on a 0,25 m² parcel, wich had been subjected to artificial watering for 1,5 hours with a quantity of2,5 l of water. Relevant for the excellent capacity of interception and retention proved by the examined material – given by the value of 37% -- are: (i) the material structure of the herbaceous vegetation in the examined parcel( average density of the phitoindividuals: 4-5 / cm², persistence of the old layer 58cm) and(ii) the elements of the physical-geographical frame(17º inclination, 27,5º C temperature, eastward exposure, but belonging to a nort oriented caldera, wind of2-3 meters/second, pluviometrical endowment about 700 mm/year , a relative humidity of, rare vegetation of bushes ant trees, with abundant light and potential evapo-transpiration of high average).
DIVERSITATEA INVELISULUI DE SOL AL ROMANIEI
Rodica PETREA
Abstract: The variety of soils types of Roumania. The natural conditions of our country generated a great variety of soil types. In the work are presented the main natural conditions and the spreading of soil types on the three levels of relief: mountain, hill-plateau and plain.
METODOLOGIA DE CALCUL A RESURSELOR DE MUNCA
Nela STELIAC
Abstract: Methodology of calculating the work resources. Between population and economy there is a closely interdependence. Thus, population through number, structure and preparation level influences the unfolding economic activity, while the economic development level of a certain country influences the main demography phenomena. The present paper refers to the main indicators that lies at the basis of work resource’s determination, namely to the structure of these resources. Also, the author presents the calculation’s methodology of work resources.
EVOLUTIA MINORITATII ETNICE TIGANESTI (RROME) IN CRISANA SI MARAMURES (Secolul XX)
Alexandru ILIES
Résumé: L ‘evolution de la minorité ethnique tziganes (rrome) dans Crisana et Maramures (XX-éme siecle). Apres une grande partie de chercheurs qui ont étudié cette population, s’impose la conclusion que les Tziganes ont comme origine la race indo-européene. Après les données présentées par le Recensemment de 1900, realisé par l’administration hongroise, la présence de Tziganes en Crisana et Maramures au début de XX-eme siecle a été réduite du point de vue numérique. Le passage de Crisana et Maramures sous l’administration roumaine par l’union avec la Roumanie en 1918 a contribué a l’évaluation statistique de cette ethnie. Ainsi, au Recensemment de 1930, le nombre de Tziganes a eté de 18.849 personnes, respectivement une augmentation depassant six fois comparativement avec l’année 1900. Pendant l‘intervalle 1930-1992, le nombre de Tziganes a augmenté presque trois fois, arrivant a 52.178 personnes en 1992, ce qui représent déja 3,2 % de la population de cette région.
MUNICIPALITIES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM IN POLAND AND AUSTRIA
Jan WENDT
Abstract: Municipalities in the Administrative System in Poland and Austria. The goal of this paper is to compare the Austrian and Polish administrative structures at the lowest levels of government. As these two countries have differing “traditions” of local self-government, they were chosen to show the influence of differing systems on bureaucratic and administrative structures. After II WW there was completely any democratic system in policy, economy and self government at any level in Poland. Poland was under communistic control and we have central planning in economy, and there was impossible to take any local initiative at all. After 1998 there was a reform of local administrative and municipalities reform. That is way there is a possibility to compare first level of local administrative, municipalities at Austria and Poland. Austria, along with Switzerland and Germany, is one of the most federalized countries in Europe. Its decade-long membership in the group of western democracies concurrent along with the existence of a social market-economy has done much to shape Austria and to fundamentally distinguish its system from that of Poland’s, which is currently undergoing a transition. A comparison of systems will therefore be undertaken which will especially concentrate on the lowest level of (self) administration: the level of the cities and municipalities. This topic has gained new topicality due to the upgrading of the local and communal levels within the EU (The Committee of the Regions) and the aspiring of the east European countries to membership in the EU.
DEPRESIUNEA ORADEA - BRATCA. EVOLUTIA NUMERICA A POPULATIEI IN PERIOADA 1880-1992
Claudiu FILIMON, Luminita PALE
Résumé: La Dépression d’Oradea - Bratca. Evolution numérique de la population pendant la période 1880-1992. La Dépression d’Oradea - Bratca représente un ancienne aire d’habitat. Pour la période considereé (1880-1992), on observe que l’évolution numérique de la population connaît un caractére ascendent, présentant, pourtant, plusieurs fluctuations. Aprés l’année 1990 il y a un récul de la population qui peut étre expliqué par les changernents du niveau socio-économique.
TIPURILE DE PEISAJE RURALE DIN BANAT DIFERENTIATE DUPA CRITERIUL DINAMIC-FUNCTIONAL
Constantin VERT
Abstract: The types of rural landscapes in Banat differentiated after the dinamic functional criteria. The notion of rural landscape, frequently met in geographic literature, means a territorial entity (of the rural area) with specific dynamism and functionality, generated by the concrete way in which its components combine, under the dominant influence of anthropic elements. The analysis of the rural landscape contains the study of the relations between all the constitutive factors of the rural landscape, its quality and the population’s lifestyle. The geographer considers the village as a complex social-economic phenomenon, born and developed on the basis of social-economic laws. The optimization of the rural landscape hints at the correlation of different economic and social special functions, such as production, residence, commercial etc., for their balanced development.
UNELE ASPECTE REFERITOARE LA EVOLUTIA ASEZARILOR DIN CAMPIA CRISURILOR
Marcu Simion STASAC
Abstract: Some aspects referring to the evolution of rural settlements in Crisurilor Plain. The rural settlements in Crisurilor Plain represents the consequences of a long and dynamic process of humanization of the geographic space made by social communities through multiple activities that had succeeded or had superposed. An important role in this process was played by natural factors that had intervened actively in the man- nature relation. This paper takes into account two important aspects referring to the evolution of rural settlements: the swarming phenomenon and that related to the disappearance of some settlement: the swarming phenomenon and that related to the disappearance of some settlements.
COMUNA ROMINASI (JUDETUL SALAJ). ETERNITATE SI OPTIMIZARE LA NIVEL GEOGRAFIC
Călin-Cornel POP
Résumé: La commune Romanasi départément de Salaj). Eternité et optimisation au niveau géographique. Evidéncier les aspects qui tiennent de l’éternité d’un espace géograhique, c’est premiérment un devoir de l’histoire. Le rôle de présenter les éléments qui tiennent de l’optimisation d’un espace géographique entre dans les atributs de plusieurs domaines de la science. Mais, relationer les deux nuances c’est le devoir du géographe, ce qui confime le statut actuel de la géographie, précisement d’édudier le passé, rechercher le présent et prospecter le futur.
RESURSE, POTENTIAL TURISTIC SI STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE A TURISMULUI IN REGIUNEA ECONOMICA 5 VEST A ROMANIEI (JUDETELE:ARAD, CARAS-SEVERIN, HUNEDOARA, TIMIS)
Martin OLARU
Abstract: Resources, Potential and Strategy of Turistic Development Region (Arad, Caras-Severin, Hunedoara and Timis Counties). The concept of development and management in tourism for the counties from the V West Economic Region implies the analyses of the main factors which contribute to the development of this zone, among which it can be mentioned: the existence of some rice and varied natural and anthropical touristic resources with a high degree of attractively, managed resources trough multiple forms and touristic programs; the geographical position at the west border and at the north-west border of Romania; the favorable position of these counties in front of the main touristic region having a high touristic potential; the presence of the two airports of international range: Timisoara and Arad; the existence of a general and touristic infrastructure which make accessible the most important touristic objectives from the area; the watering-places renown both in Romania and abroad : Baile Herculane, Buzias Geoagiu-Bai, Lipova, Moneasa, Calacea.
CONSIDERATII GEOGRAFICE ASUPRA POTENTIALULULUI TURISTIC AL RELIEFULUI CARSTIC DIN MUNTI PADUREA CRAIULUI
Florian BENTE
Abstract: Geographical considerations about the Touristic potential of karstik relief of Padurea Craiului Mountains. Being composed mostly of calcareous rocks, Padurea Craiului Mountains have a various karstik relief of which the most imposing are the caves (some of them with archeological and paleontologic elements). In this area is sited the longest cave in Romania (Vântului Cave), gorges, pot-holes (the deepest in Romania - Stanu Foncii), dolines, swallow - holes, resurgent streams and others. Beside the anthropic elements, the natural ones — especially the karstik relief-could constitute resources. Rov the development of touristic activities. It is a necessity to build an adequate infrastructure - access ways, a resort base including the agrotouristic practice.
POTENTIALUL TURISTIC AL BAZINULUI HIDROCRAFIC AL ARIESULUI
Ioana JOSAN
Abstract: Touristic potential of the hidrographyc basin of Aries river. The hydrographical basin of Aries river superposes upon a great variety of relief forms, from high mountains (Bihor, Metaliferi, Trascau, Muntele Mare mountains) to hills (Transsylvanian tableland), depressions, passes, gorges. All these elements confer the Aries basin a high touristic potential but less valorized. The development of touristic activities could determine in a great extent the economic and cultural development of the Aries river basin and consequently the creation of better living conditions for the local population. The development of touristic activities could also stimulate the development of new economic branches, the cottage industry, the crafts which could lead to the widening the local trades.
ASPECTE PRIVIND PROTECTIA MEDIULUI GEOLOGIC IN ZONA DERNA-VOIVOZI-SUPLACU DE BARCAU
Dorina Camelia ILIES
Abstract: Some aspects concerning the protection of geological environment in Derna- Voivozi-Suplacu de Barcau area (Bihor county). The problem of the environmental pollution it is valid, too, for this area, because through the exploatation and accounting of the hydrocarbon resources the environment is disturbed. In the area Derna-Voivozi-Suplacu de Barcau must taking into account some prevented measures for the endogene fires, for the floods averting who can disturb the exploitation works (through ample hydrogelogical researches), must be taking into account also the measures against acoustics pollution. It is imposed the effecting of geotechnical studies, for preventing of the landslides (very frequently in the quarries) and also for the placement of the mining objectives or quarries opening.
MATERII PRIME UTILIZATE IN PETRURGIE
Daniela HAIDU
Abstract: Raw Materials Used in Petrurgy. The paper aims to present the needed characteristics of the raw materials used in petrurgy (cast basalt industry). Thus, the chemical, mineralogical and structural requirements of the raw material, first of all of the different kinds of basalt have been emphasized. The cast (melted) basalt exhibit very high resistively to chemical reagents such as organic and inorganic acids, bases, solvents, salt solutions, paints, lacquers, oils, petroleum products etc. This material is characterized too by it very high wear ability to the abrasive effect of clay materials sands, gravel etc; high compressive strength and practical water tightness.