Design, maintenance and update by:
Grigore HERMAN
grigoreherman@yahoo.com
Year III, 1993:
SIMION MEHEDINŢI. PRECURSOR AL CONCEPŢIEI ÎN GEOGRAFIE
Rodica Petrea, Dan Petrea
Abstract: Simion Mehedinţi. A forerunner of the Systems Theory in Geography. Simion Mehedinţi (1868 -1962) was one of the most preeminent geographers and the foremost of the Romanian modern school of Geography He was the disciple of Paul Vidal de la Blanche, Ferdinand von Riechtoffen and Friedrich Ratzel. Simion Mehedinţi earned national recognition as a scientist, teacher, and creative organizer in the field of culture and education. His excellent academic background and the strong belief in the value of Geography: “Terra – Introduction in the Science of geography” (1931). This work is a pleading for a new Geography with a certain scientific statute comparable to any other science. Many of his great ideas were thought in the spirit of what we call today the Systems Theory. He defined “Terra” an as “organism” which has essential and strong qualities such as integrity, hierarchical structure and unity. He had visionary conceptions about the entropy of the natural systems. He also proved the relative character of the time element in geography. In his respect we consider important to recall the past when thinking about the future, attaching this wings to the imagination for the time to come.
PREOCUPĂRI ACTUALE ÎN GEOGRAFIA NAŢIONALĂ ŞI MONDIALĂ
Voicu Bodocan, Filip Ipatiov
Abstract: Present Preoccupations in National and International Geography. Two geographical congresses have been held in 1992, one in Washington and the other, the national one, in Iaşi. Analysing the themes that have been approached, we notice the obvious tendancy of „humanization” of geographical science at the international level (more that half of the papars were on human geography) and probably the most important thing that must be pointed out is the particular attention that was givien to the problem of spatiality. Although there had been approached a wider range of problems, our congress remained on the traditional line, nearly 40% of the papers were on physical geography of population and settlements. However, some papers demonstrate the receptivity of some Romanian geographers at the new orientations from the international geography.
REGIONAREA GEOMORFOLOGICĂ A MUNŢILOR RETEZAT
Petru URDEA
Résumé: Division morphologique des Montagnes de Retezat. Les discontinuités géomorphologiques marquants et avec des significations génétiques et évolutives majeurs dans la définition du paysage géomorphologiques ont permis l`identification des entités territoriales avec des caractéristiques géomorphologiques unitaires et homogènes de point de vue génétique, évolutive, chronologique, morphométrie et morphographique et de point de vue de la morphogenèse actuelle. On utilise les catégories taxonomiques suivantes : unite, sous - divisions et micro-unité.
LE ROLE DES GLISSEMENTS DANS L`EVOLUTION DE RELIEF DE LA DEPRESSION DE TRANSYLVANIE
Nicolae Josan
Rezumat: Rolul alunecărilor de teren în evoluţia reliefului din Depresiunea Transilvaniei. Factorii favorizanţi ai producerii alunecărilor de teren din Depresiunea Transilvaniei sunt: densitatea fragmentării (1-3 km/km² energia reliefului (100-350m); alternanţa unor strate de roci permeabile (nisipuri, gresii) cu roci impermeabile (marne, argile); uşoara înclinare a stratelor în structura domurilor gazeifere, clima şi nu în ultimul rând, dar şi cel mai recent omul. Alunecările de teren au un rol important în evoluţia reliefului din acest spaţiu, prin retragerea sau teşirea părţii superioare a versanţilor şi formarea unor glacisuri la baza acestora. Generalizând situaţiile întâlnite se pot distinge: a) alunecări masive succesive; b) văi de alunecare sau de eroziune; c) întrepătrunderea alunecărilor de teren cu procesele scurgerii organizate a apei pe versanţi şi d) unirea văilor de alunecare, formând mari complexe de alunecare pe versanţii.
FACTEURS QUI INFLUENCENT L`EVOLUTION DES VERSANT DE LA DEPRESSION DE TRANSYLVANIE
Nicolae Josan
Rezumat: Factorii care influenţează evoluţia versanţilor din Depresiunea Transilvaniei. Factorii care influenţează evoluţia versanţilor din Depresiunea Transilvaniei sunt litologia variată, dispunerea stratelor sub forma domurilor gazeifere în cadrul cărora înclinarea stratelor depăşeşte rar 10 grade. Din categoria elementelor de hazard natural amintim clima şi mişcările seismice. La acestea se alătură activitatea antropică. Modul de manifestare a tuturor acestori factori rezultă din multitudinea posibilităţilor lor de asociere şi din participarea fiecăruia. Se deosebesc mai multe situaţii de evoluţie a versanţilor.
CONDIŢIILE MORFOLOGICE ALE UTILIZĂRII TERENURILOR DIN DEPRESIUNEA GIURGEU
Adrian Cioacă, Elena Niculescu
Abstract: Morphoclimatic conditions and land use in the Giurgeu Deppression. The authors discuss air temperature conditions in the Giurgeu Depression, with emphasis on thermal inversions; they also make a classification of land use in terms of the morphoclimatic situation.
ASPECTE PRIVIND EVOLUŢIA GEOLOGICĂ ŞI MORFOLOGIA REGIUNII BĂIŢA - CRĂCIUNEŞTI DIN MUNŢII METALIFERI
Dorina ILIEŞ, Alexandru ILIEŞ
Résumé: Aspects sur l`évolution géologique et géomorphologie de la région Băiţa – Crăciuneşti des Monts Metaliferi. La région Băiţa - Crăciuneşti se trouve dans le couloir Brad-Ormindea-Deva, au Nord-Ouest. des Munceii Auriferi. L`existence d`une constitution géologique variée (des formations sédimentaires et volcaniques) met en évidence un relief avec une morphologie caractéristique aux régions calcaires et volcaniques des massifs isoles qui s`appellent ``măguri``. Ces massifs s`imposent en paysage par une énergie de relief accentuée (300 a 400m). Sur les calcaires s`est développe un karst de type massif isole avec des plateaux a sa partie supérieure. Les formes volcaniques gardent les cônes volcaniques, aujourd`hui avec des forêts.
SUBCARPAŢII ARGEŞULUI . CARACTERIZARE GEOMORFOLOGICĂ
Octavian MÂNDRUŢ
Resume: Souscarpates d’Argeş. Caractérisation géomorphologique. La région souscarpatique compris entre les rivières d`Argeş (à l`Ouest), d`Argeşel (à l`Est), les monts Ghiţu-Iezer (au Nord) et le piémont Getique (au Sud) a les divisions suivantes: a) Les dépressions souscarpatiques (Arefu, Brădet, Bahna, Câmpulung); b) Les collines développes sur une structure monoclinale (morphostructure miocène: Chicera et Muncelele Râşnovului) ou polisse (Ciocanu, Ciuha, Cicera-Măţău), en mouvement récent; c) Une dépression „intracolinaire”développe sur la morphostructure pliocène; d) Les collines extérieures (qui forment un glacis situe a basse de cuesta de piémont). La région monoclinale miocène est interprétée comme un ancien piémont.
NOTĂ PRELIMINARĂ CU PRIVIRE LA IMPORTANŢA ŞTIINŢIFICĂ A ZĂCĂMÂNTULUI CU PLANTE FOSILE DE LA ŞUNCUIUŞ (MUNŢII PĂDUREA CRAIULUI, ROMÂNIA)
Zoltan Czier
Abstract: Preliminary Note regarding the scientifical significance of the Fossil Plant – bearing Deposits of Şuncuiuş (Pădurea Craiului Mountains, Romania). Author compiled a lithostratigraphical column, having validity for the whole mining area Şuncuiuş. The fossil flora is Hettangian and Lower Sinemurian in age, and was recorded from the Fireclay Formation – the Clathropteris menisci ides – bearing Beds.
ANOMALII TERMICE ÎN MUNŢII CODRU–MOMA
Gheorghe MĂHĂRA, Ribana LINC
Résumé: Anomalies thermiques dans les Monts de Codru - Moma. L`ouvrage se propose d`évidencier l`existence des inversions thermiques dans la période froide de l`année dans les Monts de Codru - Moma et dans les Dépressions de Holod et de Zarand, s`appuyant sur l`analyse des données climatiques des stations Dumbrăviţa de Codru, Ineu et Holod. Ces anomalies sont d`origine circulatoire associées à la topographie locale et se sont recontrées dans tous les massifs de moyenne altitude de l`Ouest de la Romaine. Le phénomène se produit fréquemment à la modification de la circulation de Nord-Sud, caractéristique pendant la période froide, quand entre la circulation de sud-ouest qui pompe masses d`aire sous – tropicaux, transportés par les cyclons mobiles méditeranéenes.
FOEHNUL CARPATIC
Octavia Bogdan
Abstract: The Carpathian Foehn. The position and orientation of the Carpathian range on the territory of Romania turns it into an orographic barrier in the way of the predominantly western circulation of the air. We mean especially the slopes oriented to the west, north-west, south-west, exposed to the marine air circulation (cooler and more humid) and subject processes of thermodynamic convection. The later bring about a condensation of water vapours and rainfall on the slopes sheltered from the foehn effect of the western circulation. Nevertheless, the foehn phenomenon is produced by other tips of air circulation, too (from the south, south-east etc.) provided the necessary conditions are met. The work presents a theoretical model of foehn development (to gather with the causes, manifestations and consequences), with emphasis on Romania, and the foehn affected areas which the above refer to.
INFLUENŢA STRUCTURII SUPRAFEŢEI ACTIVE MONTANE ROMÂNEŞTI ASUPRA CLIMATULUI ŞI TOPOCLIMATELOR DE TIP CARPATIC
Elena Niculescu
Abstract: The influence of the mountains active surface structure and on the mountain climate and topoclimate in Romania. The complexity of the subjacent structure has a great influence upon the main features of the mountain climate and topoclimate. The complex – climatogenic – action of the mountainous relief is exerted through altitude; slope gradient and orientation to the sun and to the masses of air; the configuration of the relief forms, etc. The Walter Leith climograms plotted for several meteorological stations located in the Carpathians area have enabled us to outline a member of basic characteristics of the summits; cold to very cold and moderately humid in the intermountain depressions.
VARIAŢIILE SECULARE ALE TEMPERATURII ŞI PRECIPITAŢIILOR PE LITORALUL ROMÂNESC AL MĂRII NEGRE
Octavia BOGDAN, Maria COLETTE ILIESCU, Gheorghe NEAMU, Elena NICULESCU
Abstract: Climatic fluctuations on the Black Sea coast. The different parts of the Romanian seashore have various geographical peculiarities, but the climatic fluctuations (of temperature and precipitations) in the last century (1896 - 1985) are relatively synchrony, as a normal result of the characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation. These were showed on the basis of decadal smoothing means of air temperature (annual, in January and in July) and of the precipitations. Analysing the data we can see that the decade 1940 – 1949 was the coldest, the decades after 1950 were the warmest, in the same way it can be seen that decade 1921 – 1930 and 1941 – 1950 were the driest and the decades 1961 – 1970 and 1971 – 1980 the highest amount of rain; nowadays the trend is of a rising of the air temperature and a diminution of precipitations.
PROGNOZA VOLUMELOR APELOR MARI DE PRIMĂVARĂ PE RÂUL IADA – ACUMULAREA LEŞU, BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC CRIŞUL REPEDE
Vasile BOLUNDUŢ, ValentinVANCEA, Mihai GRABOVSCHI
Résumé: La prévision du volume des eaux des de printemps sur la rivière Iada - la retenue Leşu du bassin hydrographique de Crişu Repede. La rivière Iada a une longueur de 44 km et une surface de 226 km² et draine le versant nordique des Monts Apuseni. Les précipitations du bassin supérieur (1643 mm) provoquent une écoulement variable pendant l`année, ayant le maximum au printemps et le minimum à l`automne. Pour assurer l`utilisation d`eau de cours inférieur, on a été construit la retenue Leşu, en 1973, d`une capacité de 28,3 mil. m³. Pour une exploitation rationnelle et complexe des eaux de printemps provenues des neiges et des pluies. L`étude des années considérées (1982 – 1989) a mis en évidence des volumes de 31,77 et de 46,46 mil. m³ pendant le mars – mai, permettant l`exploitation plus rationnelle de la retenue.
REGIMUL PRECIPITAŢIILOR ATMOSFERICE ÎN ANUL 1992 ŞI INFLUENŢA ACESTUIA ASUPRA SCURGERII LICHIDE PE RÂURILE DIN BAZINUL TIMIŞULUI
Rodica MUNTEANU, Dorina BĂLĂNESCU
Résumé: Le régime des précipitations atmosphériques pendant 1992 et son influence dans l`écoulement liquide sur les rivières du bassin Timiş. L`oeuvre fait l`analyse du régime pluvial de l`année 1992 et ses implications sur l`écoulement liquide sur les rivières du bassin de Timiş. La quantité de l`eau provenue de précipitations (pendant l`année 1992) a été inférieure à la quantité moyenne multiannuelle, cette année ayant toutes les conditions d`une année privée d`eau. Le régime d`écoulement liquide sur Timiş et sur ses affluents pendant cette année, reflète le régime des précipitations atmosphérique, les valeurs de ce paramètre hydrologique étant inférieure aux milieux normales (mensuels et multiannuells).
UNELE ASPECTE PRIVIND LACUL DE CUMULARE DE PE RÂUL IADA – BAZINUL CRIŞULUI REPEDE
Valentin VANCEA
Abstract:.Some considerations related to barrier lake on the Iada river (Crisul Repede hydrographic basin) Barrage and accumulation Leşu belongs to the fitting out the hidrotechnical works of the Crişul Repede basin. The barrage is placed on Iada River an left tributary of Crişul Repede, at 7 km up stream from Remeţi village, built between 1968 – 1973, is 55,5 m high, 169 m light at his upper part, 60 m broad at base and 7 km broad at his upper part. Leşu accumulation have 28,30 mil.m³ capacity, useful volume 26,0 mil.m³ and area at normal retention level (NRL) is 146 ha. The Leşu especially around Oradea town with 3,31m³/sec at 97% assurance, to alleviate the threshes and hidroenergy with a hidro-electric plat (a barrage type) with a power Pi=3,40 MW put into service in 1974.
POTENŢIALUL SCURGERII MEDII A RÂURILOR DIN VESTUL PODIŞULUI TRANSILVANIEI
Victor Sorocovschi, Victor Buz
Abstract: The mean runoff potential of the rivers in the western part of Transylvanian tableland. We considered this potential only under the aspect of territorial distribution by main geographical areas in the studied territory. We determined in the multi-annual discharges the rivers have no regular observations. The total mean discharge of the rivers analysed was assessed at 70,7cube metres per second, 25,8% of which belong to internal streams.
ASPECTE PRIVIND VIITURA DIN IULIE - AUGUST 1980 PE RÂUL CRIŞUL NEGRU
Valentin Vancea, Mihai Vlaicu
Résumé: Aspects concernant la crue de juillet - août, 1980 sur la rivière de Crişul Negru. Dans la territoire de la Roumanie, la rivière Crişul Negru a un longueur de 144 km et une surface de réception des précipitations de 3880 km², des éléments qui peuvent générer, parfois, des crues importantes. Pendant le juillet, 1980, le continent européenne a été sous l`influence des fronts atmosphériques qui sont arrives dans l`Ouest de la Roumanie, y provoquant des pluies très abondantes (entre le 45 et 146 l/ m² pendant 24 heures) dans le bassin hydrographique de Crişul Negru. Ainsi, s`est formée une crue qui a eu deux maximes successives qui ont dépassé les cotes d`inondations avec 60 cm à Beiuş, 118 cm à Tinca et 248 cm à Zerind, dans la zone aménage. Cette crue a affecté 24 communes et 4 villes et les pertes ont été estimées plus de 302 millions lei.
RELAŢIA SOL - MATERIAL PARENTAL – RELIEF ÎN DEALURILE LIPOVEI
Gheorghe ROGOBETE, Ioan NEMEŞ, Laura CONSTANTINESCU, Gheorghe IANOŞ
Abstract: The soil-bedrock-relief relationships in Lipovei Hills. The relations between soils, geological frame and landforms in the basin of Lipova allow us to present in this paper several essential characters of some more common soils: podzolic brown soils from Şanoviţa. After shortly describing the natural geological frame and geomorphology, the author presents the mineral and pedologic characteristics of the profiles. The strong dependence of their characteristics and the geological nature sediments was established.
PROBLEME GEOGRAFICE PRIVIND POPULAŢIA JUDEŢULUI BIHOR
Florian Benţe
Résumé: Problèmes géographiques concernant la population du départment de Bihor. La population du département Bihor représentait (à 7 janvier 1992) 634093 habitants avec 0,2% en plus par rapport du recensement de 1977. Les conditions naturelles et socio-économiques déterminent des grandes différences dans la repartions de la population; des valeurs entre 2000 habitants par km carré au cas d`Oradea et du Ştei, et du 7 - 20 habitants par km carré pour les régions montagneuses. On peut remarquer pour les dernières décennies, le taux de la population urbain par rapport de la population du département qui représente 48,8% - valeur située sous la moyenne du pays.
CONSIDERATIONS SUR LES MODIFICATIONS INTERVENUES DANS LA STRUCTURE CONFESSIONNELLE DE LA POPULATION DE LA ROUMANIE AU COURS DE LA DERNIERE MOITIE DE SIECLE
Gabriela Rotar, Nicolae Hodor
Rezumat: Consideraţii privind modificările intervenite în structura confesională a populaţiei României în ultima jumătate de secol. Evenimentele petrecute în timpul şi după cel de-al doilea război mondial au determinat importante modificări în structura confesională a populaţiei României. Se constată creşterea ponderii populaţiei ortodoxe în detrimentul populaţiei greco-catolice, moyaice etc. Cauzele principale ale acestor modificări sunt: deportarea şi emigrarea populaţiei evreieşti şi germane, interzicerea, în perioada comunistă, a numeroase culte, dintre care cel mai important a fost cel greco-catolic.
ROLUL CONDIŢIILOR DE RELIEF ÎN CONSTITUIREA ŞI EXTINDEREA HABITATULUI RURAL DIN DEPRESIUNILE INTRACARPATICE
Nicolae POPA
Résumé: Le rôle des conditions de relief dans la formation et l`évolution de l`habitant rural des dépressions intracarpatiques. Le village roumain, comme réalité géographique, est le résultat des interactions complexes qui se sont déroulées au fil du temps entre les collectivités humaines, les conditions naturelles et les situations sociales, économiques, administratives et autres, plus ou moins éphémères. Le poids de chaque facteur a été différent pendant l`évolution historique de l`habitat. L`intégration des groups humains, leur capacité de s`adapter a la nature, d`évaluer son potentiel et de s`approprier le maximum de bénéficies, sans détruire la source de développement, ont pendule entre la permissivité de la nature et les facilites de l`organisation sociale de l`activité, avec son appui, le niveau de la culture matérielle. Du complexe des factures physiques caractéristique dans les dépressions carpatiques le relief est celui qui a eu les influences les plus redoutables dans la formation et l`évolution des villages. Ceux-ci, en dépit de la variété des conditions de relief et des techniques d`adaptions, peuvent être groupe en certaines formes d`organisation territorialité, typiques pour l`habitant rural des dépressions intracarpatiques.
CARACTERISTICI ALE CIRCULAŢIEI TRENURILOR DE CĂLĂTORI ÎNTRE CLUJ-NAPOCA ŞI ORAŞELE DE REŞEDINŢĂ DE JUDEŢ DIN ZONA INTRACARPATICĂ
Florin Moldovan
Résumé: Les caractéristiques de la circulation des trains de passagères entre Cluj Napoca et les capitales départementales de la zone intracarpatique. La ville de Cluj-Napoca a des liaisons ferroviaires directes par des trains rapides et express vers 13 sur 15 capitales départementales (à l`exclusion de Cluj) situées à l`intérieur de l`anneau des Carpates. L`étude présente quelques particularités des ces routes: la fréquence des trains sur 24 heures, la longue le degré d`électrification, le pourcentage de doublage la voie ferrée. On insiste notamment sur les vitesses des trains (la vitesse maximale admise, la vitesse moyenne commerciale), ainsi que sur les facteurs déterminant les valeurs assez peu élevées de ces vitesses.
POTENŢIALUL TURISTIC AL MUNŢILOR METALIFERI
Alexandru Ilieş
Résumé: Le potentiel touristique des Monts Metaliferi. Les Monts Metaliferi se trouvent dans le sud des Monts Apuseni et sont drainés d`une grande nombres des rivières appartenant aux bassins de Crişul Alb, Arieş au de nord, Ampoi et Mureş au sud. Il y a une variété pétrographique qui a génère un relief avec une morphologie spectaculaire: des massifs volcaniques, abrupts, gorges, défiles, cavernes, forme exokarstiques. Les objectifs anthropiques sont très abondantes: des églises, lieux historiques, châteaux, vestiges archéologiques, stations balnéoclimatiques. Il y a aussi un réseau dense des routes d`accès. Ethnographique, dans cette unité montagneuse s`interfèrent les zones de ‘‘Ţara Zărand’’, ‘‘Ţara Moţilor’’, ‘‘Mocănimea’’, ‘‘Ţara Haţegului’’, disposant des importantes ressources matériaux culturelles et spirituelles.
CERCETĂRI PRIVIND EXCESUL DE UMIDITATE ŞI EFICACITATEA LUCRĂRILOR DE DESECARE–DRENAJ DIN PERIMETRUL HIDROAMELIORATIV VALEA IER, JUDEŢUL BIHOR (1987-1992)
Nicu Sabău
Abstract: Researches regarding humidity excess and drying labours efficiency in Ier Valley hydroimproving perimeter, Bihor County (1987-1992). The paper reports on the results of the investigation performed during October 1987 – September 1992 within the hydro ameliorating perimeter Vale Ier, Bihor. The processing of the data recorded during this period led to significant linear correlations between rainfall and the water level of the Ier River and the depth of the ground water. To eliminate the water in excess from the area still affected (2100 ha) we strongly recommend the top modulated or systematic drainage associated to transversal scarification and when ever the case, the application of 10 tons/ha of phosphogypsum.
EFECTUL FACTORULUI ANTROPOGEN ASUPRA MICRO-RELIEFULUI ŞI IMPLICAŢII IN ELIMINAREA EXCESULUI DE UMIDITATE ŞI SPORIREA PRODUCŢIEI AGRICOLE, ÎN CONDIŢIILE JUDEŢULUI BIHOR
Maria Colibaş, Maria Şandor
Abstract: The human impact upon micro-relief and the implication in reducing humidity excess and the increasing of agricultural production in Bihor county. The effect of the antrophic factor on the micro relief and its implication in reduction of the humidity excess and crops growing in Bihor department. The paper presents the results of the researches performed along 4 to 15 years in three experimental fields, as to the effect of beading on the evacuation of the water of rainfall origin. The evacuated water volumes of up to 50% of the total rainfall, the, physical and chemical modifications of the soil, the field gains (13 – 15% in wheat, 23 – 38% in maize, 14 – 28% in hay clover, 23 – 34% in linseed oil flax, 35% in oats and 32% in hemp for seed), the reimbursement of the money spent after the first years as well as the power ratio of 9 – 52, highly recommend the use of beading with strips 20 – 24 m wide and 200 – 240 m long ( a size suits mechanizations), with or without scarification, as a way of improving the micro relief conditions in the moist areas, with heavy soils like those of the pseudo-gleyed or pseudogleyic albic luvic-soils type.
ASPECTE PRIVIND RADIOACTIVITATEA ATMOSFEREI ÎN ZONA MUNICIPIULUI ORADEA ÎN PERIOADA 1980 – 1990
Gheorghe HEISU, Valentin VANCEA, Aurelia HEISU, Otilia HEISU
Abstract: Aspects concerning the radioactivity of the atmosphere in Oradea area during 1980 – 1990. Analysing the radioactivity of the main atmospheric parametric in Oradea during 1980 – 1990 one can see that:
1.The immediate atmospheric deposits have monthly average values/year among 0,53Bq/m² x day, and maximum 20,97Bq/m² x day in May 1986 when it took place the actual limit of warning (1000 Bq/m² x day);
2. Atmospheric aerosols (table – 2, fig.2) have monthly average value/year among 0,53Bq/m³ and maximum 2,20Bq/m³ and the average multi-annual value is 1,37Bq/m³.
Conclusions: Both the immediate atmospheric deposits and the atmospheric aerosoils reflect a powerful influence of the Chernobyl event in May – July, and beginning with August they are generally situated in the limits and the limits and the natural fond curve from the area (see table 1- 2, and fig. 1-2).
ROLUL FACTORILOR CLIMATICI ÎN POLUAREA ŞI DEPOLUAREA ATMOSFEREI ÎN ZONA MUNŢILOR CĂLIMANI
Liviu APOSTOL, Ioan PÂRVULESCU
Abstract: The role of the climatic factors in the pollution and depollution of the air in the Călimani Mountains area. Călimani mining exploitation (a quarry exploation) and the afferent tehnical sulphur works represent an important source of air pollution in the Călimani Mountains, by aerosols and sulphurous gaseous polluants. The caracteristics of the emission (taking into account that air pollution in the area is mainly produced by emission on the surface of the spoil banks and the quarry) and of the immision are highly influenced by the climatic factors. There has been establised the influence of the monthly average temperature on immission, of the vertical thermic gradient, of the cloudiness and the wind characteristics.
EVOLUŢIA PROCESULUI DE POLUARE A ATMOSFEREI ÎN CONDIŢII SPECIFICE ALE DINAMICII CURENŢILOR DE AER
PE PLATFORMA CHIMICĂ ‚‚CHIMCOMPLEX S.A.’’ BORZEŞTI
Ion PÂRVULESCU, Liviu APOSTOL, Mihaela FILIP
Abstract: Air pollution into the particular air currents conditions in the Chimcomplex S.A. Borzeşti chemical platform. In ten years, the research undertaken in the Chimcomplex S.A. area, in 1990, has indicated the increase of toxin concentration (hydrochloric acid and ammonia) around some installations having a high pollution potential. This raise is due to their increasing wear by corrosion. The air currents in the valley section where the chemical is places have, to a small extent, favoured the spread of the pollutants around these plants.
CONSIDERAŢII ASUPRA CALITĂŢII APELOR DE SUPRAFAŢĂ DIN BAZINUL CRIŞURILOR ÎN ANUL 1992
Valentin VANCEA, Gheorghe HEISU
Résumé: Considérations sur la qualité des eaux de surface du bassin des Crişuri pendant l`année 1992. Le basin hydrographique se trouve dans l`Ouest de la Roumanie, ayant une surface de 14880 km² et un réseau hydrographique codifié en longueur de 4887 km. Pour suivre la qualité des eaux, on a été établi un nombre de 43 sections de contrôle dans lesquelles on fait des analyses physiques, chimiques et biologiques. Reportant ces analyses des 1992 aux prévisions STAS 4706 / 1988, ont résulte ces suivantes catégories de qualité: 215 km (20%) dans la première catégorie - 560 km (53%) dans la deuxième - 58 km (6%) dans la troisième et 220 km (21%) ne s`inscrivent dans aucune catégorie de qualité. Les unités très polluantes appartiennent aux exploitations minières et pétrolières, aux localités urbaines etc.
STUDIU ASUPRA POLUĂRII SOLURILOR DE PE VALEA MUREŞULUI DIN ZONA DE ACTIVITATE A UZINELOR CLORO-SODICE OCNA MUREŞ
M. PREDA, N.CACOVEANU
Abstract: A study on the Soil Pollution in Mureş valley in the neighbourhood of Ocna – Mureş Chlorine – Sodium Plant. Among the aspects underlined in this study the most significant are the following ones. First, the pollution of soil hasn’t reached an annoying degree. The most polluted are the hydro-morphic soils, concerning the sulphates, global alkaline contents and sodium percentage. It is worth mentioning the absence of heavy metals, due to the low pollution.
PARTICULARITĂŢI MORFOMETRICE ALE BAZINELOR HIDROGRAFICE DIN MUNŢII MARAMUREŞULUI
Dan PETREA, Alexandru ILIEŞ
Abstract: Morphometrical peculiarities of the drainage basins in the Maramureş Mountains. The aim of this study is to identify the main morphometrical break points that developed in the drainage basin of the Maramureş Montains. Therefore the drainage network according to Horton – Strahler’s classification system was applied; data about the number of segments of each size, order, the total and mean length, the distribution of the surface sizes and progression’s ratio were determined either by measuring or by calculation. Morphometric patterns of the distribution of the drainage and of the surfaces were drawn up. The progression rules of the parameters are well satisfied in the most cases. The deviations of the values from the correlation line are more frequent between the 4 th and the 5 th order basins. The highest spreading of the parameters and feeble algometrical growth is proved by the Vassar’s 6 th order basin. The role held by the tectonics and the resistance of the geological substratum should be evaluated in this context.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________