Design, maintenance and update by:
Grigore HERMAN
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Year XIII, 2003:
UNITĂŢILE ŞI SUBUNITĂŢILE GEOGRAFICE ALE DEALURILOR BANATULUI ŞI CRIŞANEI
Gheorghe MĂHĂRA
Abstract: The Geographical Units and Subunits of the Banat and Crisana Hills. Starting from the fact that in the hilly unit of the Banato-Crişene Hills there are numerous opinions on the relief units’ taxonomy, the present paper aims to make a geographical regionalisation of the region. Its name and the limit of the relief subunits are closely watched parallel to the classifications given in other papers, thus trying to make a synthesis and a synchronisation of the names and mapping of these units we present in figures no. 1, 2, 3.
INTERPRETĂRI TERMODINAMICE ALE INTERVENŢIEI ANTROPICE ÎN BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC BARCĂU
Nicolae JOSAN
Abstract: Thermodynamic Interpretation of Human Intervention in Barcau River Basin. The human intervention upon the natural system in Barcau river basin is significant due to the coal exploitation, oil exploitation and the integrated land management of the Barcau river. The substance output from the system caused by human intervention represented by coal exploitation both in quarries and underground. A significant aspect is related to the modification or some natural components and their replacement with anthropic components (deforestation, introduction of new agricultural fields, pastures). The introduction of mass, energy and information within the system are represented by new relief forms related to coal exploitation, the dam from Tautelec which has a temporary storage function for energy and substance during floods
ARIA DE INTERFERENŢĂ CARPATO-SUBCARPATICĂ DINTE TROTUŞ ŞI SLĂNICUL BUZĂULUI. INFLUENŢA RELIEFULUI ASUPRA DISTRIBUIRII AŞEZĂRILOR
Adrian CIOACĂ, Mihaela DINU
Abstract: The Carpathian – Subcarpathian Contact between the Trotuş and the Slănic Buzău Valleys. The influence of landforms on settlement spread in this area situated between the Trotuşi and the Slănic Buzău valleys first the geographical concept of Subcarpathian to the best. Its complex structure features represented by a succession of hills and depressions almost parallel to the mountain lines render the valley slopes a great mobility. These specific aspect outlines twin it into a distinct division of the Curvature Subcarpathians. The long line of Vrancea Subcarpathian depression on the edge of the mountains shelter in number villages spread in the function area or scattered in the areas where valleys come out from the mountain, under the slope of a fault. The valley, consisted of faulted Oligocene – Miocene grit depositis (loosely – cemented sandstones in alternation with clays), grows larger, forming small depressions such as: Soveja (Şuşiţa valley), Negrileşti and Tulnici (Putna valley), Năruja (Zăbala Valley), Bahnelle, Jitia and Bisoca (Râmnic valley). These depressions are closed in by a line of hills such as: Tiharele(657 m), Ouşor(753 m), Răchitaşu Mic(892 m), Ghergheleu (849 m), Răiuţ (960 m), Gârbova (979 m), Dl. Roşu (944 m)etc. Divided by narrow valley sectors (the Şuşiţa, Putna and Râmnic). This ’’Subcarpathian depression corridor’’, stands proof of the intimate relationship between the relief morphology and settlement physiognomy, usually displaying on-line pattern and several others along the watercourses crossing the depression contact area. From a geomorphological viewpoint, it would be instructive to take a look at the relationship between landforms (floodplains, terraces, glacises, slopes and summits) wich determined the evolution of village hearths, on the one hand, and the way in wich village physiognomy was influenced by relief energy variation and present-day processes, on the other. Along the contact area, a settlement spread has some main characteristics in terms of local relief features.
CÂTEVA CONSIDERAŢII PRIVIND UTILIZAREA TELEDECŢIEI ÎN STUDIUL INUNDAŢIILOR
Mircea ALEXE, Iulian-Horia HOLOBÂCĂ
Abstract: General Consideration of the Use of Remote Sensing in the Study of Floods. This article proposes the establishment of some steps concerning the study of floods through remote sensing. Based on the general aimed goals in such a study and on the necessary degree of detailing one can choose the useful means of remote sensing. Due the complexity of the floods as hydrologic phenomena of risk it is compulsory the integration of satellite information in a GIS in order to obtain some means of defending and fighting against their effects.
EUGENIA ŞI CONSECINŢELE EI
Sterie CIULACHE, Nicoleta IONAC
Abstract: Eugenics and Its Consequences. Those who are enthusiastic about eugenics rightfully consider that mankind is on the verge of ’’re-creating’’ the human species which would obviously be a ’’self-creation’’. The news about the birth of the first human clone, on the 27th December 2002, raised a lot of controversies about the potential positive and negative consequences of eugenics in general, and of human cloning, in particular. Those who plead for eugenics insist on its advantages, like the possibility of pre-natal choice regarding the gender of the child that is going to be born, the ability of detecting the possible harmful genetic defects in each foetus; the perspective of reducing the incidence of dangerous genes in the genetic pattern of humans; the possibility of creating, by means of cell-transplants, in the absence of sexual fertilization, a large number of identical human beings, that is of human cloning etc. Those who are against eugenics point to the risks of genetically influencing the human species (if taking into account only the extremely vague characteristics of the concept of superiority regarding the physical, intellectual, moral and psychological traits of the newly re-created human species), the most important of them being the risk of genocide.
CLASIC ŞI MODERN ÎN CERCETĂRILE MICROCLIMATICE
Gheorghe MĂHĂRA, Ovidiu GACEU, Corina CRISTE
Abstract: Classic and Modern in Microclimat Researches. The paper presents the classic study methods and equipments of the microclimatic space. The portable classic microclimatic ststion is described along with the disadvantages it entails as compared to the modern automatic Skye MiniMet station. The advantages of the investigations carried out with the automatic station consist of the comfortable means of research, accuracy and the objectivity of the data obtained.
CONSECINTELE SCHIMBARILOR CLIMATICE ASUPRE RESURSELOR DE APA, AGRICOLE SI SILVICE
Nicoleta IONAC, Sterie CIULACHE
Abstract: The Impact of Climatic Changes on Water, Agricultural and Forest Resources. The global warming of the atmosphere will undoubtedly affect not only the other components of the Earth environment, but also human society. The water resources will certainly increase in some regions of the world and obviously, decrease in others, but on the whole, the predicted air-temperature increase will raise the evaporation rate and will intensify dryness processes. In the regions where water is already scarce, the conflicts between the end-users will get even tenser science they will be keen on controlling the limited amounts that have been still left. On its turn, agriculture will produce less and scarcer harvests, at least in those geographical regions where the farming techniques will fail in quickly adapting to the changing climatic conditions. Agriculture will severely be affected not only because of global warming, but also because of increasing climatic hazards such as more tropical days, severe floods, etc. Woodlands will differently respond to changing climatic conditions due to their intensity, on one hand, and to the component species, on the other hand.
CARACTERISTICI ALE STRATULUI DE ZĂPADĂ DIN AREALUL STAŢIUNII BALBEO-CLIMATERICE PĂLTINIŞ
Felicia VASENCIUC
Abstract: Snow Features Of the Area of Paltinis Bathing Resort. The paper highlights the characteristic of the snow layer (the ten-day average and maximum thickness of the show layer, the monthly and annual number of snowy days) in the bathing resort Paltinis. Analyzing the meteorological data of 1961-1999 it came out that the constant ticker snow layer of 10 cm is maintained science the second decade of Aprilie, the maximum ten-day thickness reached 128 cm in January 1980, the annual average number of days with the ground covered by snow varies between 0,1 days in June and 29,2 days in January.
SCURT ISTORIC AL CERCETĂRILOR MICROCLIMATICE ŞI TOPOCLIMATICE DIN ROMÂNIA CU PRIVIRE SPECIALĂ ASUPRA MUNŢILOR APUSENI
Ovidiu GACEU, Mihai VLAICU, Luminiţa PÂLE, Claudiu FILIMON
Résumé: Court historique des recherches microclimatiques et topoclimatiques de la Roumanie sur les Montagnes d’Apuseni. Ce travail se propose de presenter brievement les principaux études élaborés par des chercheurs distingués de l’Institut de Géographie de l’Academie Roumanie, de l’Institut National de Météorologie et Hydrologie et des centres universitaires du pays qui analysent des divers problèmes microclimatiques et topoclimatiques de tout le pays ou exclusivement ceux des Montagnes d’Apuseni. Du à l’espace réduit attribué a ce travail, nous n’avons pas réalisé une présentation ample de ces études de sorte que ces derniers ont été seulement mentionnes dans l’espoir que au moins sur un plan informatif ils seront utiles dans l’activité des jeunes chercheurs.
TEMPERATURA AERULUI ÎN BAZINUL HIDROGRAFIC AL CRIŞURILOR
Maria CRISTEA
Abstract: Air temperature in the Catchment of the Crişuri Rivers. Air temperature is an important climatic factor wich develops geographical and temporal changes as a result of the interaction climatic between the climatological factors. It is a factor of a very large extent, presenting wide variations, near the soil as well as up in the air, influencing the distribution of the other climatic elements.
INFLUENŢA UNOR ELEMENTE METEOROLOGICE ASUPRA NAVIGAŢIEI AERIENE ÎN REGIUNEA AEROPORTURILOR CLUJ-SOMEŞENI
Levente KIRALY
Abstract: The Influence of Some Meteorological Elements on the Air Navigation in the Area of Cluj-Somes Airport. During the menacing progress carried out by the aviation, meteorology proved to be the pilots’ most devoted friend, showing them the best paths, on purpose to avoid the bad influences of the meteorological phenomena. With the perseverance worthy of admiration the meteorologist succeeded to solve gradually the most hidden secrets of nature, wich they revealed afterwards to the aviators so that these could fly on the clearest and least dangerous path through the multitude of meteorological phenomena – unforgiving enemies for those who do not know their force and whims. The international organizations of the meteorologists and aviators are continuously preoccupied with finding out applications of the most advanced methods – using the most modern technical means – on purpose to warn the pilots upon the existence and evaluation of the meteorological phenomena that could disturb their flying. The study has in view to bring a lot of information upon the main meteorological elements that influence the low altitude flying, namely the take off and landing, during1995-1999, at Cluj-Someseni airport. There have been taken into account elements like: the course and intensity of the wind, medium, minimum and maximum temperatures, cloud base, the medium nebulosity and horizontal visibility accompanied by charts, drafts and tables that came to support the analysis. Studies of this kind have as main purpose the specification of the number of days, months and terms that are favourable from the meteorological point of view for the course of some dangerous phenomena and a climatic characterization of the region.
EVALUAREA ENERGIEI EOLIENE IN ZONA BOITA UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI WASP INTR-UN DTUDIU DE CAZ
Anton GEICU
Abstract: Evaluation of Wind Energy in Boita Area, WASP Programme Used in a Study Case. The main purpose of this paper is twofold: First to introduce WASP (Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Programme). This programme incorporates routines to correct wind data measures at a specific point and transform this into a dataset describing the wind climate of a region also called: ”Wind Atlas”. Secondary using such dataset we can get the estimation of the wind condition at any particular site and height in the region, in principal by applying the same routines or models. There are two types of input data:
The measured meteorological data, of the form of time-series or a climatologically table;
The description of the meteorological station can be entered directly from the keyboard or digitizing tablet and may subsequently be stored on disk file for future reference.
The description comprises the anemometers height, the surface roughness condition around the station and possibly the presence of sheltering obstacles close to the station. Using the empirical relation between wind over homogeneous terrain and the overlying large or synoptic scale wind, the data are extrapolated to yield of the geostrophic wind climate for the region. This is considered to be independent of the specific conditions at the surface. The description comprises the anemometers height, the surface roughness conditions around the station and possibly the presence of sheltering obstacles close to the station. Using the empirical relation between wind over homogeneous terrain and the overlying large or synoptic scale wind, the data are extrapolated to yield of the geostrophic wind climate for the region. This is considerate to be independent of the specific conditions at the surface. This process is referred to as ’’upward transformation ’’ in the programme. The invers calculations then performed ’’downward transformation” to obtain the wind climate at several standard heights and over various standard surface roughness. Finally these data are analysed in terms of Weibull distribution function. The Weibull parameters obtained constitute the ’’Wind Atlas’’for the region in questions, and is the starting point for wind energy sitting calculation. Two levels (10m and 30m elevation) and 108 points determination of a square territory of 8 km side length. Analyzing these maps there are reasons to point out that the most important wind energy potential is located in south-east part of the considered region. Central hills of the zone where the meteorological station is located, and hills in north-east area have also a height wind energy potential. At 30 metres above soil, wind potential is about 1.5 times higher then at 10 metres.
PRELIMINARY ANALISYS OF HEAVY METALS CONTENTS OF SOIL AND WATER IN CRISUL NEGRU HIDROGRAPHIC BASIN
Nicolae JOSAN, Stelian NISTOR, Dorin BOROTA
Rezumat: Analiza preliminara a continutului de metale grele in apa si sol in bazinul hidrografic al Crisului Negru. Studiul vizează analiza preliminară a principalelor metale grele ce definesc apa, solul şi aluviunile din punctele de colectare din bazinul hidrografic al Crisului Negru. S-a urmărit stabilirea concentratiei acestor elemente şn relaţie cu standardele şi normele existente şi, in mare măsură, s-a demonstrat că aceste concentratii sunt sub normele legale acceptate.
BIOCLIMATIC CALENDAR A NEW FORM OF CLIMATOLOGICAL ELABORATION
Grzegorz Enedykt DURLO
Résumé: Le calendrier bioclimatique, une forme nouvelle d’élaboration climatologique. Le calendrier bioclimatique est une nouvelle méthode d’élaboration de données climatologiques. Il présente un regroupement des états de l’atmosphère en un lieu et en un moment donnes selon leur aptitude au un cours de l’année. Le mode de construction du dit calendrier se base sur une typologie bioclimatique. Le calendrier est l’exemple d’une élaboration claire et utile de large application, pouvant être employée dans différents domaines de la vie de l’homme. Le calendrier bioclimatique peut être particulièrement utile dans la planification des demarches climato-therapeutiques ou de période favorable à la recréation, au tourisme et au repos. La construction du calendrier s’appuie sur l’analyse des valeurs des éléments météorologiques relatives à un jour donné et sur une estimation des conditions météorologiques. En tenant compte de ces données, nous définissons un groupe d’aptitude (d’utilité) du temps à un jour concret. Ensuite, nous définissons un groupe d’aptitude du temps a tous les jours du mois et de l’année. L’analyse statistique vise a établir la fréquence d’apparition d’un groupe donne au même jour au cours de l’année d’une période étalée sur plusieurs années. Nous définissions des tableaux de fréquences de calculer la moyenne pondérée. La valeur de la moyenne est inscrite au tableau sous forme du calendrier. L’élaboration d’un calendrier a base d’une période de plusieurs années successives constitue une recherche climatologique complexe et de large application. Ils seront utiles aux écologistes, agriculteurs, forestiers, jardiniers, employés des sanatoriums ainsi qu’à leurs clients et autres personnes dans le stade de planification ou de réalisation de leurs séjours de conges.
CONSIDERATII ASUPRA TOPONOMIEI MUNTILOR GILAU REFLECTATA PRIN PRACTICI FORESTIERE
Mircea VOICULESCU, Alina SATMARI
Résumé: Considérations sur la toponymie des Monts Gilau, réfléchies par les pratiques forestières. Nous voulons surprendre dans notre étude l’origine et les significations du toponyme Gilau. Du point de vue géographique, le fait est très important d’autant plus que le secteur analyse est parmi les plus élevés des Monts Apuseni et a été jadis très bien boisé. Les grands forets ont soutenu beaucoup de temps une activité forestière très dynamique et implicitement une économie montagneuse spécifique. En utilisant l’investigation historique, nous avons marque par étapes les principales réglementations juridiques sur le cadre forestier et l’évolution des divers toponymes. En même temps, nous avons présenté les principales activités économiques qui ont utilise comme matière prime le bois et qui ont caractérise le territoire des Monts Gilau. La majorité des toponymes des Monts Gilau met en évidence l’activité de base de ces monts, c’est a dire l’activité forestière et la façonnement du bois. Tous ces aspects sont marqués sur la carte des Monts Gilau où les noms des villages, des sommets, des montagnes et des collines ont du sens économique sont très suggestifs.
VASCAU. ASPECTE GEODEMOGRAFICE
Ioana JOSAN, Laurentiu LASLAU
Abstract: Vascau. Geodemographical Aspects. The town of Vascau, situated in the south-eastern part of Bihor Country, on the upper course of Crisul Negru River, did not undergo any important changes in terms of its dynamics and structure across time. The statistical data indicate the preservation of the Romanian character of the population and closely related to it of the Orthodox religion.
CATEVA CONSIDERATIICU PRIVIRE LA EVOLUTIA NUMERICA A POPULATIEI ROMANIEI LA INCEPUT DE MILENIU
Florian BENTE
Abstract: Some Considerations Related to the Numerical Evolution of the Romanian Population at the Beginning of the Millennium. After the events at the end of 1989 and in the new socio-economic and political conditions characteristic for Roumania the natural birth rate constantly registered negative values. We should add here the emigrants’ surplus which triggers a decrease in the number of inhabitants at the last two censuses with more than one million inhabitants. The yearly average of the natural birth rate in this period came close to -50%, a situation wich was not registered in other important European countries although some of them witnessed a drop in the number of population. The depopulation process is envisaged to continue in the next decades, wich along with other demographical indicators will have an impact on the evolution of the country as a whole in the next period.
PARTICULATITATILE TURISMULUI RURAL DIN JUDETUL BIHOR
Rodica PETREA, Luminita PALE
Résumé: Les particularités du tourism rural dans le département de Bihor. L’espaces rural de Bihor dispose d’un potentiel touristique remarquable, mais peu valorifié. Après l’année 2000, les conditions pour relancer l’activité de tourisme rural ont été crées, en commencent par la fondation de la filiale d’ANTREC de Bihor. Le stade incipient du développement du tourisme rural en Bihor est illustre par les gîtes peu nombreuses. Elles sont groupées en quatre zones, deux d’entre elles ayant des traditions touristiques: la zone de l’est du bassin hydrographique de Crisul Repede et la zone du sud du bassin hydrographique de Crisul Negru. La superposition partielle de ces zones avec les zones défavorisées de Bihor permet le développement et l’activité du tourisme rural qui bénéficie des facilites fiscales. L’éducation et l’information des paysans s’imposent, parce que les perspectives de développement du tourisme rural sont certes.
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PERSPECTIVELE AGROTURISMULUI PE VALEA IADULUI
Aurelia Florina DUMITER
Résumé: Les perspectives de l’agrotourisme sur Valea Iadului.. L’agrotourisme peut être défini comme ce type d’activité touristique, spécifique à l’environnement rural, qui, bien employée, peut assurer la pérennité des valeurs propres à ce type d’environnement que offre et de celui qui en bénéficie. Ce sont les objectifs touristique dont la source est d’ordre anthropique et les objectifs touristique naturels, qu’on trouve fréquemment dans Valea Iadului qui transforment cette région dans un contrée magnifique d’importance majeure pour les voyageurs. A partir des prémisses de l’influence favorable que les activités agritouristique ont sur l’équilibre socio-économique de l’environnement rural ce qui s’impose c’est le support décisif du pouvoir local. La Mairie de la Commune Bulz et Le Conseil de la Commune peuvent accélérer le développement économique de cette aire et la transformation de l’agrotourisme dans une branche économique de base pour les habitants de ce région.
OPINII PRIVIND REGIONAREA GEOGRAFICA A ROMANIEI
Octavian MANDRUT
Résumé: Opinions concernant la régionalisation géographique de la Roumanie. La régionalisation du territoire de la Roumanie, conformément aux critères physiques et humaines intégrés, met en évidence des espaces relativement homogènes (dénommées „régions géographiques”) ayant des différentes surface. Les modèles possibles présentés (avec leurs variantes) démontrent les difficultés d’élaborer un modèle unique. Le modèle adopté met en évidence des régions intégrées (physiques et humaines) dénommes sur la carte ci-dessous, avec des villes – noyaux et des espaces „polarises”. Trois entités sont un peu différentes: le Danube, la capitale et la dépression de Brasov.
CHANGES IN THE INTENSITY OF PATHOLOGY DUE TO ALCOHOL IN ROMANIA AND POLAND
Tomasz MICHALSKI
Abstract: Glownym celem niniejszego opracowania jest przesledzenie jak przemiany spoleczno-polityzno-ekonomicze wplywaja na zachowania antyzdrowotne ludnosci(na przykladzie wybranych patologii zwiazanyach z alkoholizmen) na przykadzie dwoch panstw: wchodzacej do Unii Europejskiej Polski oraz nadal analizie wzieto pod uwage : oficjalne spozycie alkohoul na l osobe, wypadki drogowe spowodowane spozyciem alkohoul (na 100000) i stadaryzowana weikowo umieralnosc z powodo spozycia alkohoul (na 100000). W nastepstwie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzno, ze najlepszym dostepnym wskznikiem odzwierciedlajacym wplym transformacji na patologie spoleczne powodowane przez alkohol jest standaryzowana wiekowo umieralnosc z powodu spozycia alkohoul (na 100000). Widac tu wyraznie wzrost napiecia spolecznego przed zmianami (lata 1988-1989) oraz podwyzszonej konsumpcji w okresie pierwszych lat reform. W Polsce tenproces zachodzil spokojniej niz w Rumunii.